CNC Programming & G-Code/M-Code Reference

Syntax, canned cycles, coordinate systems, tool compensations, and safe programming protocols.

G81 vs G82 Simple Drilling vs Counterbore Dwell: Programming, Syntax & Practical Rules

Standard continuous feed drilling (G81) vs bottom-dwelling counterboring (G82) for precise depth and flat-bottom spotfacing.

Feed-in feed-out boring (G85) for smooth bore walls vs feed-in spindle-stop rapid-retract (G86) for rough boring cuts.

Selection of active working planes (G17 XY, G18 ZX, G19 YZ) governing circular interpolation arcs (G02/G03) and cutter radius compensation.

Dynamic 2D cutter diameter compensation (G41 Left, G42 Right) allowing programmers to use nominal part prints regardless of reground tool wear.

Euler angle coordinate system transformation for 3+2 positional 5-axis machining on compound angled faces without CAM re-posting.

Full retract peck drilling (G83) to initial plane for chip evacuation vs partial chip-break retract (G73) for non-stringy materials.

Tool length offset activation (G43 positive, G44 negative) synchronizing spindle gage lines with cutting tool tip points.

Automated multi-pass external and internal threading with constant chip load calculation and modified flank infeed angles.

Synchronous spindle rotation and Z-axis feed coordination matching tap thread pitch precisely without floating tap holders.