Syntax, canned cycles, coordinate systems, tool compensations, and safe programming protocols.
G41 (cutter left) and G42 (cutter right) shift the toolpath automatically by the radius stored in the tool geometry register (D-offset), allowing programmed part contours to remain independent of cutter size.
G00 commands non-cutting rapid positioning at the machine maximum traverse rate, while G01 commands controlled linear interpolation at a specified feed rate (F) for cutting.
G71 is a 2-line canned cycle for CNC turning that automatically generates multi-pass longitudinal roughing toolpaths from a simple profile definition, drastically reducing program length.
G96 maintains a Constant Surface Speed (CSS in m/min or SFM) by dynamically accelerating spindle RPM as the tool turns smaller part diameters, maximizing tool life and finish uniformity.
G83 is a canned cycle for deep-hole drilling that repeatedly feeds into the material by an incremental peck depth (Q) and retracts completely to the initial plane (R) to evacuate chips and deliver coolant.
G43 activates positive tool length offset compensation, instructing the CNC controller to offset the Z-axis position based on the physical length of the active tool stored in the tool table.
M08 turns on the primary flood coolant pump, while M09 turns off all coolant systems. Proper coolant management prevents thermal tool failure, flushes chips, and protects surface finishes.
G02 (clockwise) and G03 (counter-clockwise) are modal CNC G-codes that command cutting tools to follow circular and helical arcs along defined coordinate planes.
G54 is the default CNC G-code used to activate the primary Work Coordinate System offset relative to the machine origin.
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